Antioxidant Determination with the Use of Carbon-Based Electrodes

Antioxidants are compounds that prevent or delay the oxidation process, acting at a much smaller concentration, in comparison to of preserved substrate. Primary antioxidants act as scavenging chain breaking antioxidants, delaying initiation interrupting propagation step. Secondary quench singlet oxygen, decompose peroxides non-radical species, chelate prooxidative metal ions, inhibit oxidative enzymes. Based on antioxidants’ reactivity, four lines defense have been described: Preventative radical scavengers, repair and relying adaptation mechanisms. Carbon-based electrodes largely employed electroanalysis given their special features, encompass large surface area, high electroconductivity, chemical stability, nanostructuring possibilities, facility manufacturing low cost, easiness modification. Largely methods voltammetry, amperometry, biamperometry potentiometry. Determination key endogenous exogenous individual well antioxidant activity its main contributors relied unmodified modified carbon electrodes, whose analytical parameters detailed. Recent advances based modifications with carbon-nanotubes use hybrid nanocomposite materials described. Large effective increased mass transport, electrocatalytical effects, improved sensitivity, detection limits nanomolar range were reported, applications validated complex media such foodstuffs biological samples.